Publicaciones

Force transmission through adherens junctions (AJs) is crucial for multicellular organization, wound healing and tissue regeneration. Recent studies shed light on the molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction at the AJs. However, the canonical model fails to explain force transmission when essential proteins of the mechanotransduction module are mutated or missing. Here, we demonstrate that, in absence of alpha-catenin, beta-catenin can directly and functionally interact with vinculin in its open conformation, bearing physiological forces. Furthermore, we found that beta-catenin can prevent vinculin autoinhibition in the presence of alpha-catenin by occupying vinculins head-tail interaction site, thus preserving force transmission capability. Taken together, our findings suggest a multi-step force transmission process at AJs, where alpha-catenin and beta-catenin can alternatively and cooperatively interact with vinculin. This can explain the graded responses needed to maintain tissue mechanical homeostasis and, importantly, unveils a force-bearing mechanism involving beta-catenin and extended vinculin that can potentially explain the underlying process enabling collective invasion of metastatic cells lacking alpha-catenin. Adherens junctions mediate force transmission and connect the cytoskeleton of adjacent cells. This study demonstrates that force transmission can be achieved through direct and functional beta-catenin/vinculin interaction in the absence of alpha-catenin.

This study is a systematic review of literature published from 2018 to June 2022 about wellbeing and subjective wellbeing, and alternative pedagogies, with respect to preschool and school students. It accomplishes the purpose of characterizing research on wellbeing and subjective wellbeing and alternative education in relation to the definitions of wellbeing and subjective wellbeing adhered by articles published found in Scopus and the Web of Science databases. The final sample is composed of 22 articles distributed in two types of alternative pedagogies: Montessori and Forest School. The definition of wellbeing showed various connotations, ranging from its presentation based on preexisting definitions within specialized literature, to its sole mention without further explanation. It is generally understood as socioemotional wellbeing, in both pedagogies, coinciding with one of the distinctive hallmarks of Alternative Education. Subjective wellbeing showed a very reduced presence, associated with preexistent definitions. An increasing number of theoretical and empirical publications about Alternative Education were detected during the last five years, denoting a greater interest for this kind of education and its possibilities. These results show the convenience of continuing development of research in this subject. © 2024, Universidad Compultense Madrid. All rights reserved.

The study analyzed the implementation of the municipal recycling program from the municipality association MSUR. This study considers only the first year of the program that corresponded to the year 2020. The segregated recollection involved a total of 10 municipalities from the Metropolitan Region in Chile. The focus of the program was the recollection paper, glass and PET and the subsequent sale of the materials as recycled to different companies. The analysis was centered in the estimating the weight per municipality recollected, the distribution of the material to be recycled and per capita recycled by each municipality. The first month the program recollected 257.962 kg of material and reached a maximum of 561.827 kg, were it stabilized with an average of 543.840 kg and a standard deviation of 15.600 kg. The percentage of population that the program served depended on the number of vehicles dedicated to each municipality which lead to a variation of the coverage between municipalities that varied between 2,3 to 97,7 percent. The amount of material recovered depended on the municipality and was between 0,016 to 0,124 kg/pp/day. Due to the pandemic, it was observed a small decrease in the amount of recyclable material recollected due to the SARS-CoV-2. As initial result of the program, it was observed that the two municipalities with the highest percentage of coverage area and economical income, were part of municipalities with lowest recovery per capita by weight in the program. This result led to the analysis of the composition of the solid waste for these two municipalities and the inhouse method of segregation. From this part of the analysis, it was possible to observed in the field that the Municipalidad de La Reina had overestimated the percentage of coverage area and the community didńt dispose the recyclables adequately for the segregated recollection. In the case of the Municipalidad de Santiago it was observed that it has a well inhouse structured program, but not all the members of the community are participating, and the spectrum of recyclables is very limited and therefore losing an important fraction of elements that can be recycle. © 2023 Author(s).

Patients placed in a prone position due to COVID-19 present a more severe disease, longer stay in ICU and have more significant complications associated with positioning than other patients. Aim: To identify social, health, and hospital factors associated with mortality and functional recovery in activities of daily living (ADL) in patients admitted to the ICU due to COVID-19 who were in the prone position. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study between June 2021 and March 2022 at the San Jose Clinical Hospital. The study included people 18 years of age or older admitted to the ICU due to COVID-19 who were in the prone position. Using logistic regression, we searched for factors associated with the risk of in-hospital mortality. Using linear regression, we also analyzed factors associated with functional recovery in ADL at discharge and post-discharge. Results: In 85 patients included, being men, older age, history of mental health, cardiorespiratory disease, and living in a commune of high social priority were associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality. A greater number of days of hospitalization was associated with less functional recovery at discharge and post-discharge. In contrast, more cycles in prone position during hospitalization and higher education level were associated with greater post-discharge functional recovery. Conclusions: The survival and functional prognosis of patients with severe COVID-19 can be predicted early through a biopsychosocial evaluation of their characteristics. Intrahospital actions could improve functional recovery in ADL in the short term in critically ill patients surviving COVID- 19.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the speech on teaching practice and the actual practice of teachers in educational institutions of high performance and low socioeconomic status in Santiago de Chile. A descriptive study of mixed methodology is implemented, with semistructured interviews of nine teachers, and film analysis of 34 hours of classes. There is coherence between the speech referred to the institutional context and the type of intervention by the teacher, yet there is a gap between the speech on teacher-student interaction and the type of intervention with their in class.

This article shows a study which, firstly, attempts to reveal the achievements of four public high-schools receiving technical consultancy from the perception of school actors, three years after the assistance took place. Secondly, it includes the monitoring made a year later to the institution presenting improvement sustainability. This is a qualitative study which used interviews and focus groups with teachers and directive teams. Results show that institutions showing a sustainable improvement had directive leadership, autonomy, systematization of work, positive work environment and collaborative work as the key of their success. The lack of resources, the negative work environment, the indifference of leadership succession, the lack of commitment with the proposal, and the negative expectation on the students represented hinders for a sustainable improvement.

A fully enantioselective, catalytic synthesis of the algal morphogen (−)-thallusin using polyene cyclization chemistry is reported. The synthesis features dedicated precursor design, introduction of a TMS-substituted arene as a regioselective terminator, very high enantiomer excess (ee) on gram scale, and productive scaffold functionalization. Furthermore, an ee determination methodology of thallusin samples was developed, and the ee of biosynthesized thallusin was determined. Fe(III)-uptake studies demonstrated that the cellular uptake of iron facilitated by thallusin derivatives was independent of their morphogenic activity, suggesting their active import via siderophore transporters as a shuttle system. © 2024 The Authors. Chemistry - A European Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

The purpose of this article is to reflect on the relationships and interactions between Environmental Education (EE) and the evaluative practice. The principal aim is to develop an evaluative proposal that contributes to the education of eco-conscious and eco-responsible people. The underlying premise states that the school is, nowadays, a privileged place to generate and introduce innovative educational practices that contribute to protect the environment. The main basis of this article is that the development of an evaluative practice of ecoconsciousness-oriented training in the classroom allows to improve and strengthen learning for life.

[No abstract available]

In different policy agendas, such as the New Urban Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals, co -production is introduced as a desirable urban planning practice to validate the engagement and inclusion of diverse actors/networks. Nevertheless, some scholars argue (e.g., Watson, Robinson) that the Western planning approach faces difficulties incorporating rationalities beyond the Global North-South division. In this context based on the research project DFG-KOPRO Int for the German Research Foundation on Chilean and German cases and the local context, this article seeks to explore how local groups are undertaking co -production, which means of legitimacy are used, and which socio-spatial results develop. In doing so, the research focuses firstly on the negotiation processes (governance) between stakeholders by undertaking network analysis and, secondly, on understanding the impulse for urban development by analysing the project's socio-spatial material patterns. Chile's neoliberal context and the case studies showcase diverse cooperative forms that try to close governance gaps within strong political struggles. In the German context, actors from different areas, such as cultural institutions, universities, and private actors undertake diverse mandates for testing regulatory, persuasive, or financial instruments. As different as local realities are, the overall results show that co -production occurs mostly in highly contested fields such as housing projects and highlights a three-part constellation of actors-state, private, and civil society-in urban development. However, negotiation processes take place, ranging from conflictive to cooperative. Hence, co -production challenges prevailing social and political structures by providing an arena for new forms of collective and pluralistic governance.

The fractal formalisms are well known for providing new understandings regarding the geometrical, spatial, and temporal behaviour of seismicity. Particularly, the fractal dimensions give information about the seismic events self-organization and self-similarity. On the other hand, the Gutenberg-Richter value, known as the b-value, has shown through the years to give handy information regarding the statistical distribution of earthquakes, on-site physical parameters, and geomechanical inputs. The Gutenberg-Richter value (b) and the capacity and correlation fractal dimensions, (D-0 and D-2), of the spatial distribution of earthquake hypocentres interact mathematically for micro- and macro-events. From this interaction, it is possible to obtain new insights into the fracture network development and the microseismicity source characterization in terms of single fractures, fault planes, or densely fractured volumetric spaces. Here we show this interaction for the open-source Decatur CO2 project seismicity catalogue, comparing it with the results obtained for a natural earthquake catalogue of Illinois, in the United States. The fractal dimension D-0 is calculated using two different methodologies: box-counting and correlation integral partitioning. This last method is also used to calculate D-2. The results presented in this study allow us to describe how the fracture network geometry influences the earthquake complexity. Together with the calculation of the b-value, we present clear indications which show that seismicity recorded in the Illinois tectonic environment partially follows the Aki relationship D-0 similar to 2b, which is not the case for induced events. In addition, the induced earthquake dataset shows that D-2 > D-0, an anomalous behaviour in terms of the fractal formalisms. All these facts might be used to establish spatial fracture network control techniques and seismicity-type distinctions in CO2 injection sites located in highly active tectonic areas, respectively.

The paper analyzes the subjective profiles in politics within the current communicational scheme. The global world, connectivity and images are elements that invite us to pay attention to how words and information work nowadays. This review takes contributions from Sartori, Serres and Ranciere, among others. Then, the place of the literate as a device of community articulation is discussed. To this end, the thesis of angel Rama is examined: the primacy of the letter implies a social order with a severe impact on political institutionality. Subsequently, the notion of postlexia suggested by Mark Fisher, who affirms the "illiterate" character of the present time, is incorporated. A dialogue is thus constructed in which some of the perspectives involved are deepened. Finally, some questions are suggested as to its effects on political subjectivity. These questions draw on the contributions of Virno, Castillo and Ferraris, among others

The use of regional kinematic reference frames (mRFs) in seismic zones is uncommon worldwide. This article proposes a solution implemented for Chilean mining, whose current projects are based on the classic reference frames (PSAD56 and SAD69). The approach is to move from a classic reference frame to an mRF in seismic countries where earthquakes constantly alter the frame. Our research group calculated an mRF (REDGEOMIN) that includes interseismic, coseismic, and postseismic deformation using CORS with open data from 2009 to 2022 and processed with scientific standards global navigation satellite system. REDGEOMIN consists of a deformation model (ADELA) with an interpolation approach through thin plate spline, allowing the greatest deformation to be modelled at campaign points. The relationship between classical and modern systems was explored with conformal transformations and NTv2 grids to include deformations, especially coming from PSAD56 and SAD69. The results demonstrate that REDGEOMIN aligns with the IGb14 reference frame (<1.0 mm), SIRGAS (ENU = 1.0, 1, 0, 2.0 mm), and the Chilean national reference frame SIRGASChile@2021.00 (ENU = 1, 2, 1, 6, 4.3 mm) aligns with millimetric precision. ADELA deformation model accurately models period locations to within 5 mm. Densification of REDGEOMIN@2022.00 at passive points PSAD56/SAD69 shows centimetric precision. PSAD56/SAD69, adjusted in the 1970s, are outdated due to crustal movement and seismic events and have metric errors. Therefore, different types of transformations were evaluated between PSAD56/SAD69 and REDGEOMIN@2022, whose RMS is between 1.57 and 1.69 m, and national grid transformations (NTv2) with an RMS of 0.23 and 0.16 m for PSAD56 and SAD69, respectively. The relationship between the classic systems and REDGEOMIN allows the transformation of the entire Chilean mining cadastre to epoch 2022.00. Starting in 2022.00, REDGEOMIN/ADELA offers millimetre precision, which is crucial in seismic zones. Furthermore, it paves the way to implement an updated national-level mRF in case of seismic events. Currently, Chilean mining laws are rigid, geodesically speaking. Therefore, legal-technical suggestions for implementing REDGEOMIN are also included in this article.

Background: Aging increases the vulnerability to diseases and environmental changes such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth and tele-education are vital to prevent the deleterious effects of prolonged confinement, and to train the community, and constantly rotating medical students and health professionals. Aim: To assess the perception and impact of an online course about healthy aging aimed at the community and health care professionals. Material and Methods: An open online one-day course to promote healthy aging was carried out. A cross-sectional online survey about the course was answered by 386 attendants and a knowledge test was applied to 114 people. Results: Seventy-five percent of respondents attended the course synchronously. Of these, 79% were women, 20% were older people and 53% were caregivers of an older person. All respondents acquired new knowledge and were willing to participate again. The frequency of interest about self-care is three times greater than about caring for another person, In an older person, the interest is 101 more times about self-care than caring for another person. Ninety five percent of respondents felt more active and 84% felt more accompanied. Conclusions: The course facilitated access to information on the promotion of active and healthy aging in the community with a favorable perception and a positive impact. The coverage for older people with a digital gap should be improved.

This investigation aims to determine the components of the organizational innovation in Chilean bottled wine SMEs, to strengthen the internationalization strategy in global markets, concerning the leading countries with international recognition. These results should help enhance competitiveness in cosmopolitan markets with wine tradition. In operational terms, it includes five stages: data collection from wine SMEs, instrument design (questionnaire), application of this instrument in companies through personalized field work, processing, analysis, and systematization of the collected data through office automation instruments- mainly the SPSS statistical program for a validation-and delivery of these results to each of the participant companies. As one of the primary outcomes, wine SMEs are gaining legitimacy through organization innovation as a corporate strategy to have opportunities to stay in national and international markets.

In this article we propose to examine the problem of peasant politicization, in a period that has been understudied by national historiography. We intend to show how the peasants of Curic & oacute; antagonized the rural landowners, long before the left parties took an interest in rural & aacute;reas. In order to do that, we present a broad conceptualization of politicization, which emphasizes its informal and less organized dynamics. These conflicts, mostly of a labor nature, were shaping an awareness of the conflict and, therefore, a political subjectivity that allowed them to distance themselves from the prevailing hegemonic consensus in the Curico's countryside. Starting from a detailed reading of the judicial files of the Labor Court of Curic & oacute;, we will elucidate the two main routes of rural politicization: the judicialization of the labor conflict, understood in terms of a new political opportunity opened by the promulgation of the Labor Code; and the culture of indiscipline, unproductiveness and daily rebellion that characterized the socio-productive relations between bosses and peasants.

Several studies have shown that force application is influenced by different neuromuscular mechanisms depending on the time of force application analysis in isometric knee extension test (IKE), and a countermovement jump (CMJ) has contributions from knee extension, so some CMJ variables could be indicators of such mechanisms. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the level of relationship of variables of IKE and bilateral CMJ tests. Methods: Male college soccer players (n = 25; corporal mass = 72 +/- 8 kg; height = 171 +/- 5 cm; age = 22 +/- 2 years) performed the IKE at two angles (60 degrees and 75 degrees) on an isokinetic machine and the CMJ on two uniaxial force platforms. To determine the level of relationship, Pearson's correlation coefficient was analyzed between the test variables. Results: Trivial to moderate correlations (r = -0.45 to 0.62; p < 0.05) were found between CMJ variables and IKE in both knee angles (60 degrees and 75 degrees); Conclusions: The variables of IKE have a trivial to moderate correlation with the variables of CMJ, so the variables of CMJ could not be considered interchangeably with those of IKE and therefore considered indicators of neuromuscular mechanisms isolated from the knee extensor function. Longitudinal design (fatigue or training protocols) should be realized to corroborate these results.

This article presents the results obtained in the research on the development of informational competence in first -year students of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Santiago de Chile; the perspective from which we approach the study of the informational competence of students is based on the idea that this competence is an essential part of the professional competence of future engineers. In this article, we will present the results of the behavior of Selfperceived Information Competence (SIC) and Observed Information Competence (OIC) in the four sub -competencies of information competence. Factor analysis techniques were applied to reduce dimensions to eliminate redundancy among the original variables; five key components were identified. Also, sub -interrelationships were detected between the sub-competences of information competence that may generate local synergies within the competence. It stands out that of the four sub-competences, information seeking is the one that presents the greatest difficulties in self -perception as in the observed competence, while the observed competence of information communication was the best evaluated. No statistically significant differences were found between demographic variables and levels of information competence development.

We report two unrelated patients with late-onset cerebellar ataxia associated with neuropathy and a long-standing dry cough. One patient had two siblings affected with sensory neuropathy and cough. Both probands had extensive investigations including genetics testing negative for most common ataxias as well as testing for paraneoplasic and other immunologic causes. Both patients showed an abnormal intronic expansion in the pentanucleotide AAGGG of the gene RFC1. This etiology is being reported as frequent cause of adult-onset ataxia; the presence of cough may lead to the correct diagnosis.

Leadership has been identified as one of the most important variables for the success of any educational organization. Previous investigations have focused on the school world, paying less attention to the direction of educational units of preschool education. Considering the recent interest at the international level and in Chile, to develop kindergarten directors as leaders, it is essential to know how the directors understand and implement their role. Inspired by the work of Aubrey et al. (2013) and developed in the context of public gardens managed by the National Board of Kindergartens in Chile, this study seeks to explore the conceptions and practices present in the managerial role. A questionnaire was applied to 86 directors of gardens, inviting them to organize a series of 18 key practices according to three independent dimensions: importance, frequency and capacity. The results show an emphasis on those related to the protection of community rights, a greater capacity to take care of the team and a greater frequency of practices related to establishing direction, evidencing tensions in what is identified as a priority, what they implement and the capacities they perceive to lead. Implications for research, development and policy are discussed.